Ayurveda in Austria

 

Dr. Sebastian Mathew, mathew@aon.at

Synopsis

 

In the last few years Ayurveda has become very popular in many of the European countries. It is moderately widespread as wellness and not as a medicine. There are only less than 10 doctors who practice Ayurveda in Austria. The training of Ayurveda is given by many private institutions. Only ayurvedic massage for wellness is legalised in Austria. To practice any medicine in Austria, one should be a legalised medical doctor. A post graduate training in Ayurveda has been started for Austrian doctors.

 

To propagate Ayurveda in the west, scientific researches should be done. Ayurveda can play a very important role in Europe, especially in the field of preventive medicine, psychosomatic diseases, rehabilitation, in geriatrics in Ksharasutra and in leech therapy.

 

Full Paper

 

20 years ago Ayurveda was not very popular in many European countries. It has started to be known in the context of wellness and some special oil massages.

 

The Europeans, who came to India as tourists, experienced the ayurvedic massage on their own bodies, which left a great fascination and interest towards the Indian medicine.

 

In the beginning there was some confusion, because these tourists correlated this kind of oil massage with Ayurveda, not knowing that Ayurveda is much more than just a massage, but a great ancient medicine.

 

And so some hotels in Europe started to propagate Ayurveda in connection with oil massage (Abhyanga, Shirodhara, etc.), by offering those ayurvedic treatments in their hotels in order to attract more guests.

 

But nowadays this view of Ayurveda as wellness is starting to change.

 

In Austria there are very often articles published on Ayurveda, and not only massages, but treatments for diseases as well. People, who are interested in complementary medicine even know some basics of the ayurvedic constitution (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Nearly 25% of the population of Austria know at least the word “Ayurveda”.

 

Ayurvedic training in Austria

 

Even though Ayurveda is becoming popular in Austria, it is hardly known as medicine. It is moderately widespread as “wellness” therapy. In medical professional circles this ancient medical system is not well known and widespread. There are only less than 10 doctors who practise Ayurveda predominantly. About 30 doctors use Ayurveda additionally to school medicine. Practitioners of natural medicine (the so-called ”Heilpraktiker”) are not allowed to practise in Austria. Ayurveda-Therapists are medically feasible only in combination with the already acknowledged profession of a physiotherapist or a nurse or under the survey of a doctor.

 

In the field of wellness we have a very successful development of Ayurveda in Austria. Since 2006 the Austrian government has legalised ayurvedic massages. After 675 hours of theoretical and practical training in a period of 3 years of time and passing the exam, one can legally practice ayurvedic massage in Austria. This ayurvedic massage done by wellness-trained people can be applied only to healthy people, not to sick people. In order to massage sick people one has to be a medical doctor, nurse or a physiotherapist.

 

In Austria there are a lot of private ayurvedic schools who offer “ayurvdic wellness massage courses”.

 

For the education of Ayurveda there is no program or course from any of the Austrian universities. For physiotherapists, medical massagers and nursing professions etc. ayurvedic courses are being offered, but it is not possible to achieve an official ayurvedic title by them.

 

In order to practise any kind of medicine in Austria, one should be a legalised Austrian medical doctor. That is why it is so important for the propagation of Ayurveda in Austria as a holistic medicine, that Austrian doctors learn more about Ayurveda. To achieve this goal a training committee has been started for a special ayurvedic training program for Austrian doctors.

 

The head of this committee is Dr. Sebastian Mathew, originally from Kerala, who is both, a consultant surgeon and also trained in ayurvedic medicine. He has his own Ayurvedic clinic in Austria, which made many other Austrian doctors become interested in this ayurvedic medicine.

 

After a long period of preparation a postgraduate training in Ayurveda for Austrian medical doctors could be started in March 2006. In cooperation with the GAMED (Vienna international academy for holistic medicine, and the European academy of Ayurveda (Germany) this training is being offered the first time in Austria. There is a great interest in Austrian medical doctors for Ayurveda. The first group was limited for 21 doctors. Many of the participants are leading doctors of Austria (a professor from the Vienna medical university, cardiologist, gynaecologist, psychiatrist, and many post graduate physicians). Now we have more than 30 Austrian medical doctors being trained in Ayurveda.

 

These doctors are also interested in visiting India to get more practical training experience and some insight of the way of ayurvedic treatment in India.

Dr. Mathew is in contact with some of the leading ayurvedic centres in India for this purpose.

 

At the same time the ayurvedic committee is trying to get the official legalisation from the Austrian medical counsel for Ayurveda. If this can be fulfilled, it would be very helping in achieving the accreditation for Ayurveda as a medical system and not only as a further education.

 

The Austrian medical association has already accredited 30 hours of ayurvedic training in the education and training program for doctors. This is a great success as it is the first time that a medical association in a German-speaking European country certifies a comprehensive Ayurveda studies course.

 

Health insurance companies: Ayurveda is not included in the basic health insurance plan of Austria. With a special additional insurance (private health insurance) on the basis of a medical prescription some of the ayurvedic treatment costs will be refunded.

 

Ministry of health: A commission for Asian healing methods was established by the Federal Ministry of health in 2005, for which representatives of Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine and Ayurveda Medicine were appointed. It is due to the strong recommendation of this commission, that the legalisation of ayurvdic massage for wellness was achieved. 

 

Products and medication: In Austria ayurvedic products are only to be sold as food supplements, not as medication. Only pharmacists are allowed to import ayurvedic medical preparations on their own responsibility and to forward them directly to patients.

 

How to make Ayurveda acceptable in Europe:

 

The marketing of ayurvedic medication and other products is not the correct way of propagating Ayurveda in the west. Surely the pharmaceutical industry can contribute a lot to the growth of Ayurveda, by helping to standardise the medication, in the mechanism of action and the active ingredients.

 

The most important and effective way for making Ayurveda acceptable in Europe is research. Scientific enquiry is the search for truth. The purpose of the research is to prove the positive effects of ayurvedic therapies and to find a practical way of applying these methods in Europe.

 

It is not enough to teach the ayurvedic principles without evidence based medicine and research. Even Charaka says one should continuously think and ponder on new problems.

 

It is very important that we spell out what exact research should be done on ayurvedic lines. Due to various historical factors the development of Ayurveda had ceased from 12th century AD. After the 16th century AD we have only collections of ancient works and re-writings of what had been done earlier.  To be accepted in a evidence orientated world, one has to think in more modern ways.

 

Ayurveda and modern medicine:

 

We cannot equate Ayurveda with modern medicine. Ayurveda lays its emphasis on both preventive and curative aspects, but its stronghold has been the former. 

Nowadays the main cause of deaths and disability occur from diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer, psychosomatic problems, degenerative disorders etc. Here there is an urgent need on the global level to evolve preventive strategies.

 

In Charak Samhita there is put a lot of emphasis on longevity and the role of promotive health care. Rasayana treatment, preventive medicine, palliative medicine and rehabilitation are the main possible  pillars in Ayurveda in Europe.

 

Health promotion is discipline whereas disease treatment is a crisis management. Ayurveda is a science on holistic principles and holds for health strategies. In the west there is a trend of thinking that we need a holistic way of treatment. Ayurvedic physicians in Europe should propagate more the preventive aspects of Ayurveda than the drug oriented medicine.

 

Evidence –based Ayurveda:

 

Ayurveda is a conceptual science where concepts have been evolved, and modern medicine is based on experimental science. We know that the concepts are no more absurd, but it is essential to create a base of evidence for fundamental principles of Ayurveda.

 

Other than drug therapies, Ayurveda contributes Ksharasutra and leech therapies in modern health care, which can be easily applied in Europe.

 

In anal fistel cases where surgical therapy is contraindicated, ayurvedic therapy (Ksharasutra) plays a definitive role. Leech therapy is very effective in complicated varicose veins.

 

As a practising surgeon in Austria, I can tell you that these ayurvedic therapies (Ksharasutra and leech therapy) can be very useful in Europe. This therapy is not at all or hardly known in Europe.

 

Researches on the biophysics of Panchakarma with the help of biophysicists and biomedical engineers should be done. Mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract have a dialyzing effect and are therefore a field of great research possibility.

 

Another interesting field of research is our mind. Human emotions are attributed to the number of brain peptides (correlated to the food protein intake). There is no research done on brain peptides in Satya, Raja and Tama states and also pathya foods in Ayurveda.

 

Good ayurvedic practitioners are missing in Europe. Unfortunately the knowledge of the practising ones are sometimes quite superficial.

 

Conclusion:

 

In the last few years Ayurveda has become very popular in many of the European countries. It is moderately widespread as wellness and not as a medicine. There are only less than 10 doctors who practice Ayurveda in Austria. The training of Ayurveda is given by many private institutions. Only ayurvedic massage for wellness is legalised in Austria. To practice any medicine in Austria, one should be a legalised medical doctor. A post graduate training in Ayurveda has been started for Austrian doctors.

 

To propagate Ayurveda in the west, scientific researches should be done. Ayurveda can play a very important role in Europe, especially in the field of preventive medicine, psychosomatic diseases, rehabilitation, in geriatrics in Ksharasutra and in leech therapy.